♫ Learning log 6 (outside classroom)

 Reading activities can be divided into three categories, depending on when they take place: pre-reading, reading, and post-reading.

                        Pre-reading: Collecting and defining vocabulary terms from the text will assist students in understanding words that otherwise may interrupt their reading. It will also help them increase their vocabulary in a meaningful, relevant way. Students can record the terms in a notebook or on flash cards. Another strategy involves having students preview comprehension questions so that they can focus on answering those questions as they read.

                       Reading: Teachers can guide students' interaction with the text by asking questions about literary elements, having students present oral summaries of the plot, or asking them to collect details or write observations on post-it notes. If students have previewed comprehension questions, they can answer these questions as they read.

                    Post-reading: Summarizing (see below) is an effective strategy that can take many different forms.

                    To sum up, I think this article is very good for English language teacher. If you know about the reading strategies , you can teach English or other subject well.

♫ VOA: American Music Students in Kenya

Vocabulary	Pronunciation	Meaning
Neighboring  (Adj.)	/ 'neibə:iŋ/	ที่อยู่ใกล้เคียง, a person living next door to or very near  to the speaker or person referred The army made inroads into the neighboring country.
Organizer (N.)	/'ɔ:rgə,naizə:/	ผู้จัดตั้ง, a person who arranges an event or activity the organizers of the demonstration
Career (N.)	/kə:'ir/	อาชีพ, an occupation undertaken for a significant period  of a person’s life and with opportunities for progress This decision will reflect on his future career.
Expand (V.)	/ik'spænd/	เจริญรุ่งเรือง , become or make larger or more extensive  Little did I dream that we would expand our business to the U.S.
Perform (V.)	/pə:'fɔ:rm/	ปฏิบัติหน้าที่, carry out, accomplish, or fulfil (an action, task, or function) the car performs well at low speeds.

♫ Learning log 5 (outside classroom)

 Role-playing as a teaching strategy offers several advantages for both teacher and

student. First, student interest in the topic is raised. Research has shown that “integrating

experiential learning activities in the classroom increases interest in the subject mater and

understanding of course content”
                  

                    Secondly, there is increased involvement on the part of the students in a roleplaying

lesson. Students are not passive recipients of the instructor’s knowledge. Rather,

they take an active part. Poorman (2002) observes that “true learning cannot take place

when students are passive observers of the teaching process” (p. 32). One student at

Barnard College who was enrolled in a role-playing history class said, “This class tricks

you into doing so much work”
                       

                    A third advantage to using role-playing as a teaching strategy is that it teaches

empathy and understanding of different perspectives (Poorman, 2002). A typical roleplaying

activity would have students taking on a role of a character, learning and acting

as that individual would do in the typical setting. Poorman (2002) found “a significant

increase among students in feeling another’s distress as their own”
                   

                    The role-playing approach can be used in a variety of settings, including the

classroom. The principle behind role-playing is that the student assumes a particular

personality of a different person, such as a historical character. According to Jones

(1982), students “must accept the duties and responsibilities of their roles and functions,

and do the best they can in the situation in which they find themselves.”
                   

                  Skilled teachers have generally used skits, plays, newscasts, and other forms of

drama to motivate students when new information in introduced. Role playing activities

can be divided into four stages (Cherif & Somervill, 1998):

1. Preparation and explanation of the activity by the teacher

2. Student preparation of the activity

3. The role-playing

4. The discussion or debriefing after the role-play activity

Mark Sutcliffe from the School of Economics at the University of the

West of England provides educational advantages of role playing:
                                    To sum up, I think this article is very good for English language teacher. If you Know about the Roe-play  , you can teach English or other subject well. 

♫ Learning log 5

Today, This is my fifth in curriculum and learning management in English. I have learned about how to create syllabus and in this class.

Syllabus is an outline or brief statement of the points of discourse or the content of curriculum. If you want to create about syllabus, first, you must set “Goal or Aim” before you do it. Goal and Aim are same meaning. A both are important for syllabus. You can set goal or aim, for example –Students will be able to + V1 (communicate in English), (choose one skill form four such as listening, writing, speaking and reading) or (in macro skill). You can use one thing and the third thing will good to write your goal. Second, you must set objectives (it will support goal or aim). It can divide 2 type are enabling objective and terminal objective. Then, objective should have performance, condition and standard Third, You must set learning outcome. The last, you must set assessment and evaluation. A both are difference meaning. Assessment use to develop and  do during class, but evaluation use to examine or judge carefully and do after class. Learning language has three way: acquisition, learning and studying. So, learning language form is I+1 = comprehensible.

To sum up, I think I know about how to create syllabus and apply to do it correctly. However, I must practice it until I understand and can apply.

♫ VOA Learning English - Education Report # 393

Vocabulary	Pronunciation	Meaning
costly(adj)	/ˈkɒs(t)li/	(costlier, costliest) costing a lot; expensive:major problems requiring costly repairs causing suffering, loss, or disadvantage:the government’s biggest and most costly mistake
associate(v)	/əˈsəʊʃɪeɪt, -sɪeɪt/	[with object] (often associate someone/thing with) connect (someone or something) with something else in one’s mind:I associated wealth with freedom
initiative(n)	/ɪˈnɪʃɪətɪv, -ʃə-/	·  1 [mass noun] the ability to assess and initiate things independently:use your initiative, imagination, and common sense ·  2 [in singular] the power or opportunity to act or take charge before others do:anti-hunting groups have seized the initiative in the dispute
agriculture(n)	/ˈagrɪkʌltʃə/	·  the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

♫ Learning log4 (outside classroom)

The Silent Way represents Gattegno's venture into the field of foreign language teaching. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom and the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible. Elements of the Silent Way, particularly the use of colour charts and the coloured cuisenaire rods, grew out of Gattegno's previous experience as an educational designer of reading and mathematics programs.

                                  

                         The Silent Way shares a great deal with other learning theories and educational philosophies. Very broadly put, the learning hypotheses underlying Gattegno's work could be stated as follows:

1)  Learning is facilitated if the learner discovers or creates rather than remembers and repeats what is to be learned.

2)     Learning is facilitated by accompanying (mediating) physical objects.

3)    Learning is facilitated by problem solving involving the material to be learned.

                        Let us consider each of these issues in turn.

1. The educational psychologist and philosopher Jerome Bruner distinguishes two traditions of teaching - that which takes place in the expository mode and that which takes place in the hypothetical mode. In the expository mode "decisions covering the mode and pace and style of exposition are principally determined by the teacher as expositor; the student is the listener." In the hypothetical mode "the teacher and the student are in a more cooperative position. The student is not a bench-bound listener, but is taking part in the "play the principal role in it"

The Silent Way belongs to the latter tradition, which views learning as a problem-solving, creative, discovering activity, in which the learner is a principal actor rather than a bench-bound listener.

2. The rods and the coded-coded pronunciation charts (called Fidel charts) provide physical foci for student learning and also create mem­orable images to facilitate student recall. In psychological terms, these visual devices serve as associative mediators for student learning and recall. The psychological literature on mediation in learning and recall is voluminous but, for our purposes, can be briefly summarized in a quote from Earl Stevick.

 3. The Silent Way is also related to a set of premises that we have called "problem-solving approaches to learning." These premises are succinctly represented in the words of Benjamin Franklin:

                    To sum up, I think this article  is very good for English language teacher.   If  you  Know  about  the Silent Way  , you  can  teach  english or  other  subject  well.

♫ Learning log 4

On June 24  2013, I learned about teaching methods . I listened to my friends's present five methods.

           First, Pronunciation  teaching  is one of the key constituents of success while learning and teaching a foreign language. Various techniques may be used by teachers to teach their students how to speak and pronounce correctly the sounds. Some teachers focus their attention on teaching specific sounds of a foreign language; usually these sounds are those that are uncommon for the learners’ native language. Other teachers may pay more attention to the whole process of speaking rather than concentrating on certain sounds. In this case, teaching speaking is a complex process, during which a learner is studying how to use the words that are learned in oral speech while learning their correct pronunciation. However, some scientific researches prove that “fluency-oriented training is clearly more helpful than a more segmental

          Second, Culture is a broad concept that embraces all aspects of human life. Culture isn't just a list of religious traditions, or language. It is a lived experience unique to each individual. Language without cultural relevance is nearly useless. Yet successfully teaching the cultural element in our foreign language classes remains elusive. In general, culture emphasizes the learner's ability to perceive, to understand, and ultimately, to accept cultural relativity.

            Third, Test specification teaching, Evaluation of the language in this period will be assessed according to Jing. No evaluation of the test.  Evaluation of  language resources given technology, comparing different approaches to a given problem, assessing the availability of resources and technologies for a given application. Language resources include language data and descriptions in machine readable form used to assist such as written or spoken, grammars, dictionaries, etc, as well as basic software tools for their preparation, management, and use.

       Fourth, Communicative language teaching makes use of real-life situations that necessitate communication. The teacher sets up a situation that students are likely to encounter in real life. Unlike the audio-lingual  method of language teaching, which relies on repetition and drills, the communicative approach can leave students in suspense as to the outcome of a class exercise, which will vary according to their reactions and responses. The real-life simulations change from day to day. Students' motivation to learn comes from their desire to communicate in meaningful ways about meaningful topics. This  method focus on interactive between teacher to student, student to teacher and student to student. Interactive between teacher to students is teacher should ask the question then student can answer the question. Interactive between students to teacher is the student can express their opinion. Interactive between student to student is they are interactive by group work or pair work.

         Lastly, Communicative competences are are four kinds of competence: Linguistics or grammatical competence is teaching pronounce, vocabulary, and structure of grammar, Sociolinguistics competence is language with other culture, Discourse competence is reading for interpret and Strategic competence is how to solve the problem in listening, speaking, reading and writing.

          In conclusion,There are important five  methods to English language teacher. student should learn about this.After my friend present I understand the method and know meaning about method.